The Progress and Prospects of Türkiye-Egypt Relations: Strategic, Economic, and Diplomatic Perspectives

Introduction
Türkiye-Egypt relations possess a multidimensional structure rooted in historical foundations, strategic importance, and regional dynamics. The diplomatic, economic, and security dimensions of the relations between the two countries have the potential to deeply impact the geopolitical balances in the Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa. Although Türkiye and Egypt share a rich common history dating back to the Ottoman period, their relationship has experienced fluctuations over time, driven by shifting international and regional contexts. Particularly during the Republican era, relations between Türkiye and Egypt have been shaped by each country’s domestic political dynamics, regional interests, and interactions with international powers.

In recent years, Türkiye-Egypt relations have been tested by diplomatic tensions following the Arab uprisings and the 2013 military coup in Egypt. Türkiye’s support for the democratically elected government of Mohamed Morsi in Egypt and the subsequent criticisms by Egypt’s new administration towards Türkiye’s stance led to a breakdown in diplomatic relations between the two countries. This period witnessed the withdrawal of ambassadors and a downgrading of diplomatic representation. However, under the influence of regional and international dynamics, Türkiye and Egypt have recently begun exploring ways to revive their relations and capitalise on opportunities for cooperation. In this context, the diplomatic normalisation process offers significant insights into the future of relations between the two countries.

Türkiye-Egypt relations are shaped by strategic, economic, and diplomatic dynamics that, while distinct, are intricately intertwined. From a strategic perspective, key issues include the energy competition in the Eastern Mediterranean, opposing policies in the Libyan crisis, and differing approaches to the Palestinian issue—each influencing the regional power projection of both nations. In the realm of security, Türkiye and Egypt pursue divergent strategic interests in regions such as Libya, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Horn of Africa, but also share the potential for cooperation based on common threat perceptions and interests. On the economic and trade front, bilateral trade volumes, investments, and economic cooperation agreements contribute to the deepening of relations and increasing mutual interdependence.

This study aims to analyse the strategic, economic, and diplomatic dimensions of Türkiye-Egypt relations, assessing how these relations have evolved and exploring potential future trajectories. By examining the historical ties and recent developments between Türkiye and Egypt, this work will highlight the dynamics of competition and cooperation between the two nations. Additionally, it will analyse the impact of regional and international factors on Türkiye-Egypt relations and provide projections regarding how these relations might evolve in the future. In this framework, the strategic areas of cooperation and competition between Türkiye and Egypt are of crucial importance for ensuring regional security and stability. Therefore, this study will provide a comprehensive analysis of Türkiye-Egypt relations, evaluate their impact on regional and international politics, and offer policy recommendations on how to develop a sustainable and constructive model of cooperation for both countries.